Ulukasya, Uluki

Abstract

The article provides an overview of the iconography of two Buddhist deities, Ulukasya and Uluki, including their representations in various mandalas and the symbolic meaning of their attributes. Six variations of Ulukasya’s depiction are examined across different mandalas (Samvara, Six Cakravartins, Yogambara, Kalacakra, Bardo), with a detailed description of her poses, body color, number of arms, and attributes: a chopper in tarjani-mudra, damaru, khatvanga, vajra, and skull-cup (kapala). Special attention is given to the symbolism of the owl’s head (representing fierceness and wisdom) and the garland of skulls (symbolizing the overcoming of death). Two variations of Uluki’s depiction in the Jnana-dakini and Yogambara mandalas are also described, including unique attributes such as a hook and noose, as well as pose and compositional features. The article draws on classic texts from the Buddhist tradition, including Luipa’s Sri-bhagavad-abhisamaya, the Ocean of the Dakinis Tantra, and Tsongkhapa’s works, as well as research by G. Tucci and other authoritative sources. S.M. Belokurova completed the scientific translation and commentary of Lokesh Chandra’s article from the “Dictionary of Buddhist Iconography”.